Negotiation of Gender Identity

Near Field Communication free essay sample

NFC is a short structure for Near Field Communication, an innovation that permits comparable or NFC empowered gadgets to speak with one another either by contacting or bringing them into closer nearness †all remotely and is normally done inside not in excess of a couple of centimeters †¢The correspondence can likewise be built up between a NFC gadget with an unpowered NFC chip, which is called as tag. For instance a film banner outside a theater. So for this situation your Smartphone would be the initiator and that film banner would be the uninvolved goal. Once, you contact the Smartphone to this tag, the data identified with the film, for example, trailer, cast team information, timings will be gotten to your NFC gadget. †¢Near Field Communication is a short-extend high recurrence remote innovation, which empowers the trading of information between gadgets over around a 10-centimeter separation. The plan incorporates a close field transmitter and recipient to send information starting with one PC then onto the next †¢NFC (Near Field Communication) is another innovation that’s being added to cell phones that permits a NFC sensor chip to be perceived by essentially tapping it with a NFC-empowered telephone or holding the telephone in closeness to it, to consequently cause an installment, to download a coupon, or open a site, video, or other advanced substance. We will compose a custom article test on Close to Field Communication or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In spite of the fact that not yet in far reaching use as a result of the set number of cell phones planned with NFC sensors and the relative multifaceted nature and cost of creating materials with implanted chips, NFC is a developing innovation stage that can be utilized to address an assortment of situations. †¢Near Field Communication is an a short-run remote innovation that permits data to be traded between two NFC-empowered gadgets over short separations. Handsets with worked in NFC will drastically streamline the manner in which buyer gadgets cooperate with each other. Close to Field Communication (NFC), as a rising and promising innovation, is a coordination of Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)technologywithmobiledevices. NFC-empowered cell phones can go about as contactless keen cards and are additionally competent to peruse and compose information from/to those cards. Research attempts concerning NFC seem to concentrate primarily on advancement of NFC empowered administrations and applications. Then again, benefits and basic qualities related with various NFC applications’ administration isn't yet all around explained. NFC is a short-extend, low-power correspondences convention between two gadgets. One gadget, the initiator, utilizes attractive acceptance to make a radio-wave field that the objective can identify and get to, permitting limited quantities of information to be moved remotely over a generally short separation (in NFCs case, the separation must be under 4 inches). On the off chance that that sounds a great deal like RFID, the tech utilized by, for instance, remote cost assortment gadgets like EZ-Pass and FasTrak, its presumably on the grounds that NFC is basically a developed type of RFID. The thing that matters is that RFID is a single direction road: Your EZ-Pass transmitter bars your $4. 25 cost to the fee collection counters recipient, and that is the degree of the exchange. In any case, essentially, NFC is two-way, permitting your NFC-empowered device to both send and get data. Favorable circumstances of NFC Technology †¢Inherent security †¢Ease of utilization (Very natural to individuals, just touch) †¢Mobile telephones can be utilized both as a data stockpiling gadgets or a NFC peruser †¢They can peruse data from NFC labels †¢They can be utilized as a computerized stockpiling e. g. putting away Mastercard data.

How the Dopamine Works With Partial Agonism

How the Dopamine Works With Partial Agonism Schizophrenia Print How Antipyschotic Dopamine Works With Partial Agonism By Adrian Preda, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 31, 2020 More in Disorders Schizophrenia Addiction ADHD Eating Disorders Social Anxiety Disorder Bipolar Disorder BPD Depression OCD GAD Panic Disorder PTSD View All In this article, you will learn about dopamine partial agonism. This effect is best illustrated by aripiprazole (brand name: Abilify), a second-generation antipsychotic/atypical neuroleptic that stands apart from all the other atypical antipsychotics due do a different mechanism of action. How Aripiprazole Is Different From Other Atypicals Most atypical antipsychotics have a clear effect of the brain serotonin receptors but a rather weak and limited effect on the brain dopamine receptors. Aripiprazole is different than most of the other atypicals with regards to its mechanism of action. In essence, aripiprazole works via dopamine. Thus, from the point of view of it works, aripiprazole is closer to typical or first-generation neuroleptics, which share the blocking of dopamine in the brain (so-called dopamine antagonism) as a common mechanism of action. If Aripiprazole Works on Dopamine Why is it Classified as an Atypical? The reason is aripiprazole’s clinical action: its risk for certain neurological adverse effects such as episodes of acute muscular rigidity (dystonia) or involuntary abnormal movement disorders (dyskinesia) is low, which earns it accolades as an atypical; as opposed to antipsychotics with a high risk for this type of adverse effects, which are classified as typicals. Aripiprazole is a dopamine partial agonist as opposed to a dopamine antagonist or blocker like most first-generation antipsychotics. Dopamine Antagonism Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters found at the level of the synaptic space, space in-between neurons. Dopamine is released in the synaptic space from vesicles housed in the pre-synaptic neuron, then binds to dopamine receptors at the level of the postsynaptic neuron. Think of this as a key and lock type of effect where dopamine receptors are locks which open when the dopamine “key” enters the lock. One of the hypotheses of schizophrenia is that in certain parts of the brain there is too much dopamine in the synapse. The positive symptoms  of schizophrenia are thought to be a result of all these “extra” dopamine molecules binding to dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists bind to the dopamine receptors, thus block dopamine binding. And without the proper key, i.e. dopamine, the lock does not open; in other words, as the dopamine excess problem is corrected at the level of the synapse there are no ill effects (positive symptoms) resulting from it. The problem though is that the dopamine blockade occurs all over the brain while the dopamine excess in schizophrenia is limited to specific parts of the brain. Further, in schizophrenia, while some parts of the brain are subject to dopamine excess, other parts are in fact experiencing a dopamine deficit. Dopamine antagonists do not only block receptors in places where there is too much of it but also in places where there is not enough dopamine. This is why these medications, while effective for positive symptoms due to blocking of receptors in brain regions having too much dopamine, tend to also increase negative symptoms, cognitive issues, as well as the risk for parkinsonism in patients taking them, due to blocking of dopamine in brain regions where there is too little dopamine. A potential solution to this problem is using partial agonists. Partial Dopamine Agonists A partial dopamine agonist is a molecule that binds to the receptor and partially activates it. Think about it as a key that sorts of fit in the lock so that the door can be wriggled about but not completely open. The effect of a partial dopamine agonist is less than the full effect of dopamine but more than a complete lack of effect, which is what happens when a receptor is completely blocked. In other words, a partial effect. This partial effect means that when there is too much dopamine around aripiprazole (a partial dopamine agonist) by taking the dopamine space on the receptors and activating them only partially will actually take down the effect of the too much dopamine. It also means that in situations when there is too little dopamine around to activate all the available receptors aripiprazole will actually bind to unoccupied receptors and its effect, even if only partial, is now added to the dopamine effect in the synapse for a net increase of the dopaminergic effect of a dopamine-deprived synapse. To summarize, aripiprazole, as a partial dopamine agonist, acts as a modulator of dopamine effects. When present, it diminishes the effects of both dopamine excess (by decreasing dopamine action when there is too much of it) and deficit (by increasing dopamine action when there is too little of it).

The Code Of Ethics And Education - 1366 Words

Ethics and education are both complementary to the other. Education lacking ethics is nothing but nothing learning without purpose and when ethics are when one develops the right ethics then education is essential. What we should know is that the main purpose of education lies in the enlightenment of mind that gives us and our children the ability to choose between what is moral and what is immoral. A code of ethics within any workplace is a set of written principles regarding conduct and behavior created by the organization to serve as a guide. The main objective of ethical codes is to give all employees and any intended parties a reference point that adheres to the company policy, standards, and beliefs. Within the Mobile County Public Schools, the primary goal for all educators must, at all times, be to provide an environment in which all students can learn. And in order to accomplish that goal, educators must value the dignity of every person, must have a devotion to excellence in all areas, and must actively support the pursuit of knowledge. To do so requires a faithfulness to a high ethical standard. Professional behavior of educators in Mobile County wants all educators to strive as a guide to his or her fellow coworker. Ethical codes are to protect the health, safety and general welfare of students and educators. It also outlines many standards of conduct for prof essional educators and defines, thoroughly, actions of an unethical nature for which willShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics For Education917 Words   |  4 PagesMy area of study is in education. The code of ethics for education falls into three different categories, ethical conduct towards the students, ethical conduct practices, and ethical conduct towards colleagues. Educators have a moral responsibility to have a learning environment that fulfills and helps their students reach their full potential. According to the Code of Educators, â€Å"The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help themRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For The Education Profession Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Under this code of Ethics, we believe that as an educator you have a duty to provide an environment that nurtures and supports the learning of each and every student. The belief that all humans deserve a safe atmosphere which involves the educators to take all reasonable precautions to defend the safety, dignity, and well-being of students and staff. The educator identifies the importance of the responsibility essential in the teaching process. The desire for the respect and confidenceRead MoreCode Of Ethics And The National Education Association1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe National Education Association (NEA) adopted a code of ethics in 1975 (Strike Soltis 2009, p. viii). While this code still upholds many concerns that educators face today, it is important to make sure that a code of ethics is a breathing document. It must adapt and change with the changing of time. Strike and Soltis (2009) reference the code of ethics quite regularly throughout the entire book. It is first introduced in full at the beginning of the book. Looking over the code, it is importantRead MoreCode Of Ethics Is Absolutely Essential For Every Education Major1297 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics The Code of Ethics is absolutely essential for every education major to have a strong understanding of. This code presents the main rules and regulations that apply to future teachers to ensure the best behavior and actions possible, inside and outside of the classroom. It is a clear guide of unethical activities that teachers may never indulge in without risking suspension, revocation, denial, or reprimand of any teaching certificate. The code is broken down into eleven differentRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today m ay be compromised or not appropriately addressed (LittletonRead MoreEthical Issues Faced by the Accountancy Profession Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesEthics plays an essential and integral part in the accountancy profession. Professional conduct plays an important role in establishing public trust in financial reporting and business practise. Yet this can and has come under threat when clients and employees are exposed to the risk of fraud when accounting ethics are not adhered to. Codes of ethics are adopted to ensure the reliability, comparability and integrity of financial statements. Ethical standards exist to safeguard the fundamental principlesRead MoreCode of Ethics Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics Comparison Paper Melissa J. Diehl Liberty University September 2, 2012 Abstract Different organizations are driven by specific sets of code of ethics, which are used to protect many different aspect of the organizations, specifically the client, counselor, and organization. Concerning the standards of a counselor, their ethics are not only provided by the laws of the state or theirRead MoreA Code Of Ethics For Teachers1334 Words   |  6 Pages The Need for a Code of Ethics for Teachers and How Positive and Professional Dispositions Must Be Exhibited Prior to and During Student Teaching Aliesha R. Phillips The University of Southern Mississippi Ethics falls under a broad definition that can be defined in many ways: â€Å"The term ethics is defined as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation; 2a) a set of moral principles; 2b) the principles of conduct governing an individual or a groupRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1359 Words   |  6 Pagesethical codes in which it is useful to become aware of these differences for your future employment in working with a variety of professionals. Future coworkers may have different views and opinions however, a code of ethics will individualize these professionals and set standards. By making yourself aware of the differences, communication can become easier between employees of various backgrounds. Two particular organizations to compare may include the American Counseling Association Code of EthicsRead MoreTaking a Look at Special Education879 Words   |  4 Pages Special education is an ethically and politically complex area of professi onal education (Paul, French, Cranston-Gingras, 2001). Critics have claimed that special education does not benefit student with disabilities and should be renounced for ethical reasons (Gartner Lipsky, 1989). Others assert that special education is unethical because it stigmatizes and segregates minority students and violates the rights of children (Grossman, 1998; Granger Granger, 1986). On the other hand, proponents

The Effects Of Media Violence On An Individuals Perception...

It is nearly impossible to imply that violence in the media does not have an affect on an individuals perception of the world, however, to what degree it can actually influence an individuals behavior is the real question needed to be answered. According to Douglas Gentile his research demonstrates that there are six risk factors that can be used to help determine the possibility of predicting if an individual will demonstrate violent behavior later in life. According to Gentile, in a study he recently published he stated, â€Å"†¦Media exposure as 1 of the 6 risk factors for predicting later aggression in 430 children (aged 7 to 11, grades 3 to 5) from Minnesota schools. Besides media violence, the remaining risk factors are bias toward hostility, low parental involvement, participant sex, physical victimization, and prior physical fights† (As cited in Kaplan, Para. 26). As a child, I grew up in a technology age with two brothers, both of whom were heavily involved with violent video games, while I was more consumed with watching movies, which included violence at points. My younger brother and I lived a relatively normal life, where as my older brother, the one whom was most consumed with video games had been mentally and physically victimized through out his childhood due to a hearing disorder. My parents had been very involved in our lives though, continuously concerned about my brothers aggressive behaviors. Children had persistently made fun of his disability, which IShow MoreRelatedMental Illness And Its Effects On The Media Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesStates’ media creating stigmatization and misrepresentation. Mental illness â€Å"refers to a wide range of mental disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Examples of disorders include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Any â€Å"negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are ca lled stigma† (Wilson et al., 2016, p. 2) and stigma can contribute to progression of mental illness because of its harmful effects due toRead MoreGeneral Aggression Model Of Human Aggression1280 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1. Violence Mechanism of GAM General Aggression Model (GAM) represents a theoretical basis for social-cognitive integrated model of human aggression, and aims at the interpretation of the connection between the motivation of aggression, and the following aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013)Read MoreThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIn society today, it is highly noticed that the role of rap music messages and video images of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on social behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. I n this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostileRead MoreMean World1027 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Mean World Syndrome† Everyone is influenced and shaped by society. Society affects our perceptions, our consciousness, and our actions. A majority of the influence, especially on the younger demographic comes through the media; specifically through television. It is important to examine how violence in the media develops a pervasive cultural environment that cultivates a heightened state of insecurity, exaggerated perceptions of risk and danger, and a fear-driven propensity for hard-line politicalRead MoreInfluence of Media on Crime.788 Words   |  4 PagesIs Media Responsible for the Increasing Crime Rate? It is believed that the great Plato had a question similar to this, he was worried whether the violence in plays will have a negative effect on people of his land. We cannot mitigate the influence of media on the society. Some believe that it is the curse for the contemporary society, as it invigorates individuals to commit crimes. Are these people right? Read on to know the answer to this grave question. Contrary to the popular belief, mediaRead MoreMedia Violence Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in the Media and how it Affects Society The effect of media is profound and far-reaching. All over the world, the media influences our values and intrudes upon our deep-seated ideologies and beliefs. Indeed the media has been a powerful force in influencing people’s perceptions, and more importantly, their behavior as well. Business, politicians, and showbiz personalities pay huge sums of money to media firms in order create an image or change an existing one. Politics in particularRead MoreMisogyny Of Hip Hop : The Solution1564 Words   |  7 Pages’Kayla Morgan Jeffrey Baggett English 102 April 25, 2016 Misogyny In Hip Hop: The Solution In today’s society many individuals listen to music. With so many different genres to choose from in the music industry, one of the most popular genres of music is Hip Hop. With the constant urge for new artists, lyrics, and rap styles, it seems as though Hip Hop is the holy grail of music. One of the main problems with Hip Hop is the misogyny of women. Adams and Fuller (2006) define misogyny as the â€Å"hatredRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Fear Of Crime1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Media Numerous studies have been done investigating fear of crime and causal links (Dorfman and Schiraldi 2001; Gerbner and Gross 1976; Hale 1996). However, few empirical studies have been done that examine the effects media has on fear of crime (Chermack 1994). Media is defined as a manner in which we can access information and news through technology (Gillium 2000). This might be on television, radio, newspapers and magazines, and other online sources. Studies have found that media is dominatedRead MoreSocialization As A Function Of Media1561 Words   |  7 Pagesof Media Mass media, significantly through mediums that project news and information, greatly affect what and how we learn about the world around us. In particular, television has become the outlet with the greatest socialization impact in its influence on young viewers. The distribution of information has become a part of the process by which people learn about societal values and behaviors and come to understand cultural expectations. Through entertainment and news programming, mass media suchRead MoreThe Home Is More Dangerous Than The Street1692 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction †¢ It will be argued that the home is more dangerous than the street. †¢ key elements discussed= target population of women, perception vs reality (including fear paradox) and current statistics of street and home crime. †¢ The reason why i have chosen these elements to be explored are because I believe it will be the best topics to be discussed to persuade readers to agree with the contentiion. Body Paragraph 1 †¢ Target population of women = Women face greater risk of death in the

British Patrol Free Essays

British Patrol started way back in 1908 (Yergin 18). Its commencement was marked when oil was found in Persia in a very rugged place after seven years of intensive oil search. The Company had invested a lot of fortunes into this search and this almost ended up in failure. We will write a custom essay sample on British Patrol or any similar topic only for you Order Now This oil was found in the field of Naphtha. British Patrol has grown over the years from a local oil company to an international energy group. Its operations run over a hundred countries and it has an employment capacity of eighty thousand people (Yergin 20). It is ranked as the fourth largest company in the world and it is the largest corporation in the United Kingdom. This paper explains how the British Patrol created a global brand name and how their partnership with Amaco, Castrol acquisition and Aral acquisition affected the process of creation of the global brand name (Corbett 80). It also explains the issues and the challenges that BP faced as well as the problems encountered. Who is BP? BP is a British energy company that is global. It is the third largest energy company in the world. Its headquarters are in St James’s, City in London. It is mainly engaged in oil exploration and in the marketing of petroleum and of natural gas (Ellis 93). The roots of BP date back to 1901 when the Shah of Iran granted William Knox a concession to search for oil. He searched for seven good years and found oil in 1908 (Yergin 67). This discovery gained commercial importance in April 1909 when the Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) started to exploit the rugged deposit of oil discovered by William Knox. In 1935, it was known as the Anglo Iranian Oil Company. This became the British Petroleum Company in 1954 (Ellis 67). Activities of BP The company expanded to Alaska in 1959. It struck oil in the North Sea in 1965. it also acquired control over Standard oil of Ohio. It operated in Iran until the Islamic revolution in 1979. The regime of Ayatollah Khomeini confiscated all the assets of BP and it closed down. It was not compensated for the loss (Yergin 67). BP was led by Sir Peter Walters between 1981 and 1990. when Robert Horton took over he did a major downsizing in the company. Under his jurisdiction, BP bought many stations in South Eastern US. Lord Browne became the managing director in 1995 (Ellis 79). The companies acquired Amoco, ARCO and Burma Castro under his jurisdiction. Strategies employed by BP One of the leading strategies that BP uses is the acquisition of leading oil companies and getting into partnership with them. This is well exhibited in the acquisition of Amaco, Castrol and Aral. For example in the case of Amaco in December 1998 after merging, it was known as Amaco BP. It was then renamed BP (Beyond Petroleum) in 2000. Most Amoco stations in the US was renamed to the brand name BP (Yergin 89). It used the strategy of selling the gasoline from Amaco under the name Amoco. The reason they did not change the name was that for the previous sixteen years Amoco’s gasoline had been rated as the best gasoline. This was there fore a marketing strategy that further saw the company’s image being boosted. They then changed the name to Amoco ultimate. They then improved their brand (Corbett 45). They also use the strategy of ensuring their products are quality products. The quality of a product always attracts and maintains the loyalty of the customers. Quality of the leaders has also to a great extent enabled the company to create a brand name. A closer look at their history leaders or managing directors is chosen from the management team. This allows the continuation of the activities of the organization without delay. An example is Lord Browne who was in the board. It also uses the strategy of owning reserves in most regions where oil is found. For example in Russia, they own fifty percent. They are also planning to expand into further regions. Challenges and problems encountered Some of the challenges encountered were the confiscation of the company’s assets by the government. This was in 1979 and it resulted into a major loss for the company. Another major challenge has been the occurrence of accidents such as explosions (Yergin 89). These have led to massive losses. An example is the explosion that occurred in the company’s Texas City refinery. This led to a massive loss of oil as well as to fatal injuries and deaths that cost the company a lot of money as compensation to the families affected (Ellis 90). This also led to lawsuits being filled against the company. Leaking wells are also a challenge to the company. It sometimes has to close these wells as it did in 2006 when it closed its twelve wells. The company also faces the challenge of recovering its self-image from the explosions that are fatal and they occur out of negligence from the company (Yergin 90). This affects the customer’s attitude towards the company. The company has to build confidence in the eyes of these customers and it is an uphill task. Conclusion BP has grown into one of the leading corporations from its humble beginnings. This has been through employment of various strategies such as acquisitions and mergers. This has also been necessitated by the ability to keep their products at a very high quality thus creating loyalty among the workers. It has also expanded into other regions thus acquiring the larger markets. However, there have been challenges that the company has faced and it has had to combat the challenges and problems to remain at the top. References Corbett Michael. The outsourcing revolution: Why it makes sense and how to do it, right. London: Kaplan Publishing, 2004. Ellis Charles. The partnership: the making of Goldman Sachs. London: Penguin Press, 2008. Yergin Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money Power. New York: Simon Schuster, 2008. How to cite British Patrol, Papers

Should Eyewitness Testimony Be Allowed in Court Essay Example

Should Eyewitness Testimony Be Allowed in Court? Paper EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: Do the findings from research on eyewitness testimony suggest that eyewitness testimony should not be admitted in court? An eyewitness testimony is a report made by a person who observed an event. Police, prosecutors, Juries and Judges in court generally believe, trust and accept eyewitness testimony, especially if no other evidence (objects, documentary and/or physical evidence) is available and if the eyewitness has no reason nor motivation to give false statements (Wells et al. , 2006). Notably, eyewitnesses provide the criminal Justice ystem with important details around the criminal event such as identifying the criminal or recalling incidents or conversations (Wells et al. , 2006). For the legal system, they are perceived as being an important and credible delivery of information, yet they can be completely wrong. Indeed, psychologists have warned the criminal Justice system about eyewitness testimony and its error-prone nature Backed up with a vast amount of research (starting in the early 1900s), the legal system has not believed or given considerable attention to what psychologists have been constantly finding. Only the establishment of DNA-testing in the 1990s, showing that many punished convicts were innocent in reality, did reveal the almost 900 exoneration cases with eyewitness testimony misidentification attributed as the main cause (Gross Schaffer, 2012). Consequently, the image of eyewitness testimony as being a trustful source has been weakened and eyewitness psychology has gained trust (Wells et al. , 2006). Despite the improvements based on the results of eyewitness research, complete accurate identification is still not guaranteed. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Eyewitness Testimony Be Allowed in Court? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should Eyewitness Testimony Be Allowed in Court? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should Eyewitness Testimony Be Allowed in Court? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hence, this essay will focus on the question whether eyewitness testimony should or hould not be admitted in court on the basis of the research findings in the field of memory and eyewitness testimony. The case of Kirk Bloodsworth is one of the first of the numerous examples which illustrate eyewitness testimony fallacy and underlines the importance of research and improvements in this area. Bloodsworth was exonerated after DNA fingerprinting proved his innocence of rape and murder crimes, having by that time spent 9 years of two consecutive life sentences in prison. Staggeringly, five different eyewitnesses had maintained that he was seen with the victim, greatly influencing his sentencing nd highlighting the extent of the erroneous ways of testimony (Kassin et al. , 2010). The error-prone and corruptible factors of eyewitness testimony is backed up by psychological sciences (Fradella, 2006). Deriving from our memory, eyewitness testimony requires an understanding of its processes as a primary step. In essence, human memory consists of three stages: acquisition, retention and retrieval with each stage subject to false and distorted memory. No legal system, however, has ever carried out experiments on human memory or eyewitness testimony to understand the processes behind it (Schmechel et al. 2006). Rather, they heavily rely on it and treat eyewitness testimonies as an equivalent to a videotape. This is despite the fact that our cognitive and mental processes are in fact subjective reconstructions of events (Loftus Ketcham, 1997). Hence, drawing conclusions from sole reliance on eyewitness testimony cannot be objective. Simply by knowing how memory works and conducting experiments to explore its limits, a great amount of information can be learned and then applied to eyewitness testimony and its treatment in court. This would work towards making the legal system trustworthier. Thus far, memory and eyewitness testimony have been thoroughly investigated with widely acknowledged methods. (Schmechel et al. , 2006). Furthermore, through new innovations and technology, methodologies have improved (e. g. showing videotape scenarios) and became better linked to real life scenarios (Memon et al. , 2008). As a result, research from psychological sciences can be a powerful and reliable source to help the criminal Justice system to understand Wells and colleagues (2006) focused on when and why eyewitness testimony is most likely to be error-prone, verifying a complex interaction of memory processes and ocial influence. All characteristics and circumstances of the witness, the crime scene and the culprit have to be considered. These factors are called estimator variables (Wells et al. , 2003). For example, memory and identification accuracy is higher when the eyewitness and the culprit are of the same race (Birgham Meissner, 2007) as well as the same age (He et al. , 2011). Absence of a weapon at the crime scene (Wells et al. , 2006), low stress and anxiety provoking situations (Deffenbacher et al. 2004), mood (Forgas et al. , 2004), attention (Haber Haber, 2000) and gender (Areh, 2011) of he eyewitness as well as the time elapsed between event and recall (Cutler, 2006) and exposure duration to the event (Memon et al. , 2003) have an impact on accuracy. Even though those variables cannot be controlled, merely by knowing and being aware of these findings, eyewitness testimony can be treated differently and more cautiously. Therefore, if eyewitnesses are allowed to be in court, the Judges need to factor in the circumstances they were in and on these grounds weigh up the importance and reliability of their testimony. The so called system variables, on the other hand, can actually be controlled by the ystem. The constructions and content given, behavioural influence as well as the chosen method of presentation by the interviewer fall under the category of such variables. Memory can be falsified through a persons general knowledge (Bartlett, 1932). In our long-term memory we store many different schemes of knowledge. When we have to reconstruct specific events and its details, inaccuracy can arise from our idea of what must have been true or what makes the most sense by using stereotypes or filling the gaps of missing or ambiguous details. This, strikingly, does not match with what has been seen in reality. Moreover, this can especially be falsified through postevent information, in either a social (information exchange with other individuals or media) or nonsocial way (misleading questions or suggestions) (Skagerberg Wright, 2008). These explicit, but also subtle, forms of (mis)information can unconsciously produce altered (Loftus Palmer, 1974) or blended memory (Wright Loftus, 2008). Knowing this, research went further and looked at how to improve the process of interviewing (which affects the recall of memory) as well as the identification process of the suspect (which involves recognition memory), xamining social influences in both cases (Wells et al. , 2006). Together, these research findings as well as real examples suggest that eyewitness testimony should not be admitted to court as it may lead to many wrong prosecutions. As seen, subjectivity, suggestibility, and fallibility of memory as well as social influences, environmental and personal circumstances make it hard to assess the accuracy of eyewitnesses statements. Promisingly, many improvements have been already implemented due to advances in eyewitness research, making eyewitness testimony more accurate as well as reliable convictions. The cognitive interview (which is an interview based on all knowledge about memory and social influence in order to get more accurate information whilst interviewing eyewitnesses), training for police, Judges, Juries etc (instructions, behavior, etc), the structure of lineups (pre-instructions, content, presentation time and method), adding eyewitness experts to the court to assist the Judges and being aware of the uncontrollable influences (Wells et al. 2006) are such amendments. Of paramount significance, the question still remains if these improvements can really be called improvements. For example, the change in lineups only lead to 50% of the time to correct target identification or the fact that eyewitness experts increase scepticism in Judges as well as they are not case-specific (Leippe et al. , 2004). Hence, it is still highly disputable, if elimination of eyewitness testimony would make the legal system more accurate. Eyewitness testimony, in my opinion, still is an undeniably important source for the legal system since there are no CCTV security operations installed in every corner of the world. Only the person who has been present at the scene can report what has happened. Yet, the evidence presented is substantially consistent with the notion of eyewitness testimony fallacy. As such, further changes in the Justice system need to be operated for the pursuit towards fairer sentences. As the idea of CCTV security operations being installed everywhere is impossible, one shall still refer to the human video camera but only as long as it is viewed with a sceptical eye, keeping the research findings in mind in order to minimise the amount of innocent people in jail as well as the guilty people on the loose. As the crucial decisions lie within the power of the Justice system, the improvements hould primarily focus on raising awareness of the potentially errant aspects involved in witness recollection of events in agencies of the legal system. Changes in education and training, combining investigation with the psychological variables in the criminal event, can contribute to a fairer inquiry. Concomitantly, further research should encourage new ideas for the development of novel assessment criteria, for example using brain activity measures, eye movements, and heart rate change measurements to make eyewitness testimony an authoritative source of information (wells et al. , 2006). Areh, l. 2011). Gender-related differences in eyewitness testimony. Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 50, Issue 5, April 2011, pp. 559-563. Brigham, J. C. , Bennett, L. B. , Meissner, C. A. , Mitchell, T. L. (2007). The influence of race on eyewitness memory. In R. C. L. Lindsay, D. F. Ross, J. D. Read, M. P. Toglia (Eds. ), Memory for people The handbook of eyewitness psychology (pp. 257-281). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Cutler, B. L. (2006). A sample of witness, crime, and perpetrator characteristics affecting eyewitness identification accuracy. Cordozo Public Law, Policy Ethics Journal, 4, 327-340. Deffenbacher, K. A. , Bornstein, B. H. , Penrod, S. D. McGorty, E. K. (2004). A meta- analytic review of the effects of high stress on eyewitness memory. Law and Human Behavior, 28(6), 687-706. Gross, S. R. Shaffer, M. (2012). Exonerations in the United States, 1989-2012. U of Michigan Public Law Working Paper No. 277. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/ abstract-2092195 Forgas,J P. ; Laham, S M. ;, Vargas, P T. (2004). Mood effects on eyewitness memory: Affective influences on susceptibility to misinformation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, pp. 574-588. Fradella, H. F. (2006). Why Judges should admit expert testimony on the unreliability of eyewitness identifications. Federal Courts Law Review, 3, 2-29 Haber, R. N. and L. Haber. (2000). Experiencing, remembering and reporting events. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6 (4), 1057-1097. He, Y. , Ebner, N. C. , Johnson, M. K. (2011). What predicts the own-age bias in face Loftus, E. F. Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 13, 585-589. Kassin, S. M. , Drizin, S. A. , Grisso, T. GudJonsson, G. H. , Leo, R. A. , Redlich, A. D. (2010). Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations. Law and Human Behavior, 34, 3-38. Loftus, E. F. Ketcham, K. (1994). The myth of repressed memory: False memories and allegations of sexual abuse. New York: St. Martins. Leippe, M. R. , Eisenstadt, D. E. , Rauch, S. M. , Seib, H. (2004). Timing of eyewitness expert testimony, Jurors need for cognition, and case strength as determinants of trial verdicts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 524-541. Memon, A. , Mastroberardino, S. , Fraser, J. (2008). Muensterbergs legacy: What does yewitness research tell us about the reliability of eyewitness testimony? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 841-851. Memon, A. , Hope, L. , Bull, R. H. C. (2003). Exposure duration: Effects on eyewitness accuracy and confidence. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 339-354. Schmechel, R. S. , OToole, T. P. , Easterly, C. , Loftus, E. F. ( 2006). Beyond the ken? Testing Jurors understanding of eyewitness reliability evidence. Jurimetrics, 46,177-214. Shermer, L. ON. , Rose, K. C. , Hoffmann, A. (2011). Perceptions and Credibility: Understanding the Nuances of Eyewitness Testimony. Journal of Contemporary nmtnal Justice, 27, 183-203. Skagerberg, E. M. , Wright, D. B. (2008). Co-witness misinformation effect: Memory blends or memory compliance?. Psychology Press, 16(4), 436-442. Wells, G. L. , Memon, A. , Penrod, S. D. (2006). Eyewitness evidence: Improving its probative value. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7, 45-75. Wells, G. L. , Olsen, E. A. (2003). Eyewitness testimony. Annual Review of Psychology, 54 277-295. Wright, D. B. , Loftus, E. F. (2008). Eyewitness memory. In G. Cohen M. A. Conway (Eds. ), Memory in the real world (3rd ed. , pp. 91-106). Hove, U. K. : Psychology Press.

Free Essays on Townsend Acts

The Townsend Movement and Social Security: In the early 1930’s a man fed up with the great depression came up with and idea to get the county back on track. This man was Francis Townsend and his plan was called the Townsend act. This was the time when the unemployment rate was at a all time high and most people were poor and only getting poorer, when the rich society of the country was benefiting on they way it was being run. With the fall in the stock market most everybody lost their money and were now on the streets because they lost their jobs. Townsend finally fed up with what he saw made a plan that could have changed all this if it was passed. I believe the author wrote this article to show the county now how many people really believed in these plan and wanted it to pass. With millions of followers it could have changed the way of America itself. Instead the social Security act was passed and to this day it still is in effect, although it is in need of change b adly before it runs out of funds. The plan in Townsend’s eyes was quite simple. Everyone over the age of 60 was allowed to retire. The thing is I kept thinking was, are they allowed to retire or were they forced to retire. With the mass of elderly retiring this freed up jobs for the young citizens in the county to take up. Hence lowering the unemployment rate and bringing the country back on track. But his plan didn’t end there, he wanted to also give every retired or person over the age of 60 an allowance of 200 hundred dollars a month. Back in 1935 this was a huge amount of money. They were allowed to get this only if they were able to spend it all before the next check arrives for the next month. This idea would make the country also come back on track and out of the depression. To many this was a good idea and supported the idea of â€Å"youth for work, age for leisure†. When the act started to roll its supporters grew all over the country,... Free Essays on Townsend Acts Free Essays on Townsend Acts The Townsend Movement and Social Security: In the early 1930’s a man fed up with the great depression came up with and idea to get the county back on track. This man was Francis Townsend and his plan was called the Townsend act. This was the time when the unemployment rate was at a all time high and most people were poor and only getting poorer, when the rich society of the country was benefiting on they way it was being run. With the fall in the stock market most everybody lost their money and were now on the streets because they lost their jobs. Townsend finally fed up with what he saw made a plan that could have changed all this if it was passed. I believe the author wrote this article to show the county now how many people really believed in these plan and wanted it to pass. With millions of followers it could have changed the way of America itself. Instead the social Security act was passed and to this day it still is in effect, although it is in need of change b adly before it runs out of funds. The plan in Townsend’s eyes was quite simple. Everyone over the age of 60 was allowed to retire. The thing is I kept thinking was, are they allowed to retire or were they forced to retire. With the mass of elderly retiring this freed up jobs for the young citizens in the county to take up. Hence lowering the unemployment rate and bringing the country back on track. But his plan didn’t end there, he wanted to also give every retired or person over the age of 60 an allowance of 200 hundred dollars a month. Back in 1935 this was a huge amount of money. They were allowed to get this only if they were able to spend it all before the next check arrives for the next month. This idea would make the country also come back on track and out of the depression. To many this was a good idea and supported the idea of â€Å"youth for work, age for leisure†. When the act started to roll its supporters grew all over the country,...

Columbus Unmasked A Peek Behind Historical Persona

Columbus Unmasked A Peek Behind Historical Persona An icon of exploration, early innovator of navigation and shrewdly ambitious, Christopher Columbus is one of those historical figures with plenty of lessons to teach us. In this article we’re going to skip past the more well-known info, and take a sobering look at what a profound impact his life had upon the human species as a whole. The Duality of Great Minds No one’s ever claimed Mr. Columbus is or was a saint. While as children we’re taught about the four trips across the Atlantic in search of a new and shorter route to Asia, adults tend to shield us from the realities of those days. For example, slavery. â€Å"They should be good servants†¦.I, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure, six natives for your Highnesses.† That’s taken from his own personal journal; the entry was October 12th, 1492, the first day he met Native Americans. The â€Å"captives† were then pranced through the streets of Barcelona, as glory to an expanding empire. 522 years ago slavery was a fact of life. The world was a very different place. Columbus and his crew had other agendas besides forging new trade routes. They also sought to glorify the Spanish crown, sow seeds of Catholicism wherever they went and exploit indigenous people for riches and glory. The Balancing Act of History We can’t cast stones today, because we have no idea what it was really like to mingle with royalty and sail the seas in old ships, to meet new people and explore brand new territories. The more you learn about Columbus the more and more human he becomes. As is often the case in life, you have to take the good with the bad, so to speak. Did he forge a connection between two worlds literally a world apart? Yes. Does that mean he’s solely responsible for everything that took place afterwards in terms of conquest, colonization and laying the foundation for America as we know it? No. A Mix of Destiny and Free Will It was either destiny or chance that Columbus would be, â€Å"the guy† who opened to the door to a gargantuan transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, etc. We’ll never know. Perhaps it was a bit of both. Regardless, it had to be someone. At the time, we can assume that he saw himself as a great man, destined to have his name stitched into the fabric of human history. And he was right! But did he intend to bring small pox to the Native Americans? No. How could someone at that time understand what was happening? They had no way to look at the world as a huge petri dish and grasp the dangers of mixing foreign cultures. All he knew was ambition. All he knew was serving his interests, as well as the interests of the Spanish crown, his crews, the church and financiers. A Timeless Rags to Riches Story Well, in truth, he didn’t die a rich man. In fact, according to Biography.com: â€Å"In the two remaining years of his life, Columbus struggled to recover his lost titles and in May of 1505 did regain some of his riches, but his titles were never returned. He died May 20, 1506 still believing he had discovered a shorter route to Asia.† But, he did manage to go from the adventurous son of a wool merchant, to hatching a plan that would transform our world. He was also a pretty smart guy. Here’s an interesting snipped from History.com: â€Å"When he was still a teenager, he got a job on a merchant ship. He remained at sea until 1470 [19 years old], when French privateers attacked his ship as it sailed north along the Portuguese coast. The boat sank, but the young Columbus floated to shore on a scrap of wood and made his way to Lisbon, where he studied mathematics, astronomy, cartography and navigation.† So, if he didn’t really discover America, and he wasn’t the first explorer to land in the New World, why did he become the darling of history? Because his expeditions above all others at the time led to Spanish conquistadores and the eventual creation of modern America. Was it pretty? Yes and no. Truly Remember Columbus If you look into this man, and delve into the complexities of the things he set in motion, your perspective of today is going to rapidly evolve. Honor history, and honor humanity and dig a bit deeper than the bullet-point perspective. Thanks for reading and Happy Columbus Day!

Sony Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sony - Case Study Example A critical analysis of this project discloses various value drivers as well as cost drivers. Tawfik and Enders define value created as the difference between alleged use value which is positively influenced by value drivers, and real costs increased by cost drivers. Use of UMTS technology and handset, applications that promote interaction and individualization are seen to promote the products quality, with UMTS technology also advancing speed and thus improve value. The implementation of the project comes together with some extra cost. However, it is worth noting that the increase in value is still larger than the increase in cost. For this reason Sony focused on capturing the value e which calls off for a wise tradeoff between consumer surplus and producer surplus; given that the company does not operate in a monopolistic market. Moreover, following the advancement in Sony’s operation with time, there is need t to include in the case study some other operations such as virtua l payment fee which Sony has recently introduced to capture the real value of their

Managerial Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managerial Economics - Research Paper Example Designers split their focus in making the current designs for their clients while having time to produce designs for the upcoming promotional activities for the new packages. It was found out that the current plan of making new design packages may push the company to many opportunity costs. Alternatives may be needed, such as getting talented workers from developing countries through freelance sites to finish the project while continuing the planned release of new packages. Application of Managerial Economics Executive Summary The company named Graphic Design Works specializes in graphic design as a product for other companies like small businesses and startup companies. The management comes to a point where it needs to decide to add new packages that may increase the profits of the company. In addition, the decision-making body plans to expand the ventures of the company towards software development, networking and business process outsourcing. It means the company may hire new work ers when it expands its business operations. For the company to expand, it requires huge amount of capital; the profits from the new packages may help in this if ever the launching and sales will be successful. The expansion may commence once the target profit is hit through the campaigns and promotions to popularize the new design packages for the clients to enjoy. The packages include various custom designs for merchandise, emails, webpage, logo and stationery with corresponding number of designs. Campaigns will be implemented through postings in the official website of Graphic Design Works, massive email advertising, article postings on web magazines, free ad postings, producing television commercials and radio announcements, post mail advertising, visiting corporate offices and phoning the potential customers. The company thinks of continuing the new packages to be offered to their past and present clients and even expand their market via promotions using traditional media with some touch of online advertising. Traditional media like newspapers, radio and television have already solid set of viewers that the company may tap to produce sales for their new packages. On the other hand, the internet allows any business to save while reaching global audience but with less developed tactics and strategies as of the moment. The potential of the internet shows that more people can start their business with low capital and target a wider market. In addition, companies can hire employees from overseas entirely online which saves them from spending too much on manpower. Graphic Design Works looks at the conditions as opportunities since more startup businesses mean more potential clients to convince which may lead to more sales and profit for the company. Other than that, the company also plans to target ordinary people without businesses by offering them design packages for parties or personal messages. Traditional media also become big opportunities for the company as more people are acquainted to view them since they are already part of the culture unlike the internet which still experiences many developments to cope up with the traditional media. When it comes to production decision, Graphic Design Works does not worry about the needed materials and equipment to create the packages. Computers, software and professional graphic designers are the ones needed for the job. Since computers become cheaper

Obstacles In Team Dynamics Essay -- Teamwork

Obstacles in Team Dynamics Abstract Students face obstacles on a daily basis. These may include personal, financial obstacles or obstacles at work. There are many ways to deal with them, and due to human nature, they are dealt with uniquely. Working within a team environment brings its own obstacles. This paper will discuss obstacles in team dynamics and how to overcome them. Obstacles in Team Dynamics By the time people reach adulthood, they have gone through many obstacles in their lives. Perhaps an individual has been passed over at work, had someone close to them die, lost a job, or just lost direction. Those are some of life's many obstacles. As part of a group, there are obstacles that have to be overcome in a team environment. What are they and how does an individual get past the issues that arise in team dynamics? The prevalence of obstacles inserted into a team dynamic increases the likelihood that a team will fail in its mission. What is Team Dynamics? First, we will answer the question, "What is team dynamics?" "A team is defined as a group of two or more individuals engaged in some joint action with a specific mission or goal. Team dynamics are defined as the motivating and driving forces that propel a team toward its goal or mission." (Six Sigma Team Dynamics, The Elusive Key to Project Success). There is usually much diversity in a group. We have different ethnic backgrounds, intelligence, goalsÂ…. Humans in general are non-trusting. Building up trust in a team is not easy. No matter how hard he works, grades could still be low due to poor performance of another team member. Taking individual responsibility for everyone's grades is not an option. I have heard there is no "I" in t... ...g (1997). Learning to Work as a Team Player. Retrieved March 26, 2007, from http://www.rec.org/REC/Programs/EMTC/Insight/vol22/technique.html. Bayt.com. Tips to Succeeding as a Team Player. Retrieved March 21, 2007, from http://jobs14bayt.com/job/career-article-762.adp. Brown, Tom (1992). Why Teams Go Bust. Industry Week. Cleveland. 241 (5) 20. Retrieved March 28, 2007, from ProQuest database. Dearlove, Des (2002). The Secret of Teamwork; [Final 1 Edition]. The Times. London (UK). Aug 8, 2002, pg.7. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from ProQuest database. Ehlen, Dave (1994). Supporting High Performance Teams. Manage. Dayton. Nov 1994 46 (2) 32. Retrieved 18 March 2007, from ProQuest database. Six Sigma Team Dynamics, The Elusive Key to Project Success. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/71/04712227/0471222771.pdf

Emperor Tewodros Analysis Essay

Tayo Shonubi IB1 History 28/9/2012 Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia’s rise to power began in 1845 with a meticulous rule which to his oppositions favor, ended in dismal failure and led him to commit suicide in 1858, after thirteen years of power. Tewodros was the heir-apparent to emperor Tewodros I, his father’s throne, but after his father’s death, he became the adopted son of his half-brother. He grew to be an accomplished soldier and leader and was then allotted governor of Qwara by the nominal then king of kings, Ras Ali who had ruled since 1832.Tewodros was the leader responsible for reviving the concept of king of kings, and after reforms to his army, he made a determined and driven submission for king of kings. After Tewodros made the realization of his absolute power, he carried out expeditions against Gojjam province where he defeated Biru Goshu in the Ethiopian battle of Taquosha not long after, in 1855, he defeated the provi nce of Tigre was crowned emperor Tewodros II, by Abu Salama, the head of the church of Ethiopia.Tewodros made one of his most grave and major expeditions of his rule in 1856 when he battled against the Wallo Galla and thoroughly thrashed the Muslim community, shamelessly and filled with pride, he moved on to occupy the province of Shewa where he captured an eleven year old boy known was heir-apparent to the throne of Sahle Mariam, the boy later became known as emperor Manelik. Tewodros responded very favorably to European approaches, ‘expecting not their protection and imperialism but assistance in getting technology and arms’.One of his earliest European contacts was Britain. Through his association with the British sprouted a friendship with two Englishmen, Yohannes Bell and Walter Plowdon who were part of the protestant German missionaries. On his journey to eastern Ethiopia, Plowdon was killed, upon hearing this news, Tewodros chose to ‘vent’ by organiz ing an expedition that unfortunately and ironically killed his other good friend, Yohannes Bell. To take over from Plowdon was a man by the names of Duncan Cameron, Tewodros and Cameron did not get along as much as he did with Plowdon.There was a lack of initiative and enthusiasm coming from Cameron’s end. In 1862, seeing as he had an established relationship with the British, Tewodros wrote to Queen Victoria, the then ruler of Great Britain, concerning the setup of an Ethiopian embassy in Britain. Tewodros never received a reply from Her Majesty, and it was assumed that the letter was either overlooked intentionally or failed to reach her. As does every leader, Tewodros came across challenges during his reign.The nobility i. e. the upper class were previously not required to pay taxes, however after Tewodros came into the power, they were required to, this change in the system set the aristocracy against him. Furious about this new obligation, they held riots between 1855 an d 1861, these rebellions were brutally suppressed by his soldiers who looted and massacred their captives. One may try to control another in order for them to convert/conform to their beliefs such that there is less rebellion.Although Tewodros was a believer of the Christian faith, he confiscated church property and land and abolished privileges of the clergy, for his personal gain and in advantage of his new found glory and power. The Ethiopian church leaders began to preach against Tewodros making him lose the support of the majority of Ethiopians. Tewodros was a proud man with a lust for power, one of the largest mistakes he made during his power was his amendment to the law of the church. Ethiopia was a predominantly Christian state, and before Tewodros’ rule, any church within the nation was not required to pay tax.After he came into power, Tewodros felt as though there was not enough tax and he wanted more money coming to him, with this in mind, he lifted this law and m ade it so that churches were required to pay tax and through this, he was indeed getting more money, but simultaneously getting less support. All these events, occurrences and people in one way or another contributed to the rise and fall of Tewodros. However his ways of self-praise, egotistic ways and pride led him to his own defeat.

Athenian Vs. Spartan Women - 2260 Words

Despite Athenian and Spartans being associates of the same influential nation, these two states or ‘Peloi’ and denominations of people in Ancient Greece in (400BC) were substantially different. The women in their own distinct societies endured several problematic issues and experienced inequity, demoralisation and condemnation. The notion of women and their purpose was typically conjectured by men in society, specifically Aristotle who claimed that women brought ‘disorder, were evil, were utterly useless and caused more confusion than the enemy’ . However despite misogynistic, biased and loathsome perspectives of women, both Athenian and Spartan women have all played exceedingly significant roles and contributed substantially to the prosperity of Ancient Greek society in their own inimitable ways. Daily life was one of the most distinguishable factors of Athenian and Spartan women, and it varied depending on social status. The communal job of Athenian women was confinement to daily life in their domain; the home or ‘oikos’, immersing themselves in domestic activities. This notion was verified by ancient writer Xenophon; â€Å"†¦Thus, to be woman it is more honourable to stay indoors than to abide in the fields†¦Ã¢â‚¬  .They were responsible for various jobs in order to support their families including cooking meals and producing textiles. The majority of affluent women had established slave work in their homes; hence they verified their decadence by not partaking in laborious workShow MoreRelatedSpartan Women vs Athenian Women2261 Words   |  10 Pagesmilitary dictatorships are modeled on Sparta. However, history shows us that women had much more liberty in Sparta than in Athens. In fact, the democracy of Athens was available only to free men who wer e citizens of Athens. Moreover, to claim citizenship, an Athenian had to prove that both his parents were astoi. 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The Spartan government was considered an oligarchy (â€Å"oligos† translates to â€Å"few† and â€Å"archia† translates to â€Å"rule†), whereas the Athenian government was a democracy (â€Å"demos†Read MoreAthens vs. Sparta Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAthens vs. Sparta During the times of Ancient Greece, two major forms of government existed, democracy and oligarchy. The city-states of Athens and Sparta are the best representatives of democracy and oligarchy, respectively. The focus of the times was directed towards military capabilities, while the Athenians were more interested in comfort and culture. It was the oligarchy in Sparta that put a war-like attitude as its first priority and best met the needs of Ancient Greece. These factorsRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta1146 Words   |  5 PagesDanielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 3/7 Due: 3/22/13 Envision a world where the people are ravenous and yearning for any remnant of food they could obtain, where the society is overrun and no one has a free say. This is the type of society the ancient Spartans would have lived like unlike the ancient Athenians. The Athenians lived a far more diverse life if compared to Sparta. Ancient Athens was better to live in than ancient Sparta due to itsRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Athens Vs. Sparta Throughout the ancient world there were two dominating empires. (S) The Athenian City (polis) and the Spartan empire. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. However, the city of Athens was by far a much more influential and powerful city-state in comparison to Sparta. Although both the city-states had their own strengths such as their government, social structure and their military tactics, Athens was a pivotal city that still to this dayRead MorePericles Funeral Orientation Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe importance and uniqueness of the Athenian government its self (democracy) which created arrogance that eventually destroyed their city-state. Pericles main point was â€Å"these men, who could not bear the thought of losing her, nobly fought and nobly died——these men were worthy of their city——their memory abides and grows† (Thucydides 3). Overall, the funeral orientation was used to honor, give confidence, and create courage and community in addition to Athenian democracy leading Athens to a fatalRead MoreSparta Vs Athens Vs. Athens1722 Words   |  7 PagesSparta vs Athens The two dominating Greek city states, Sparta and Athens, have there own strengths that make them the strongest throughout Greece. 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